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Français (Perancis Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Polski (Polandia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Italiano (Italia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · 日本語 (Jepang Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Nederlands (Belanda Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Español (Spanyol Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Português (Portugis Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Русский (Rusia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its)

Svenska (Swedia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · 中文 (Tionghoa Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · ‪Norsk (bokmål)‬ (Norwegia Bokmål Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Suomi (Finlandia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Català (Katalan Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Українська (Ukraina Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Magyar (Hongaria Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Česky (Ceko Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Türkçe (Turki Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Română (Rumania Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · 한국어 (Korea Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Esperanto (Esperanto Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Dansk (Denmark Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · العربية (Arab Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Volapük (Volapuk Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Tiếng Việt (Vietnam Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Slovenčina (Slovenia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Српски / Srpski (Serbia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Lietuvių (Lithuania Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · עברית (Ibrani Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its)

Български (Bulgaria Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · فارسی (Persia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Slovenščina (Slovenia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Hrvatski (Kroasia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Eesti (Estonia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · नेपाल भाषा (Nepal Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Bahasa Melayu (Malaysia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Simple English (Inggris Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its Sederhana) · ไทย (Thailand Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Galego (Galicia Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · ‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬ (Norwegia Nynorsk Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · हिन्दी (Hindi Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Kreyòl ayisyen (Haiti Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its) · Euskara (Basque Chapter Seven South and Central Asia SOUTH ASIA India The 26-28 November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai jolted the Indian security establishment and raised tensions sharply with Pakistan. A total of 163 people (including 22 foreign nationals) were killed by ten terrorists. While nine of the terrorists also died, one of them, Ajmal Amir Kasab, a Pakistani national belonging to the Lashkar-e-Tayiba (LeT) terrorist Organisation, was captured by Indian security forces and was put on trial in Mumbai in April 2009. India initially blamed 'elements in Pakistan for the attack; Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated in January 2009 that the attack had the 'support of some official agencies in Pakistan'. Subsequently, a senior Indian official accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the Mumbai attack. Neither country mobilised its military forces, though both put them on alert, and there was speculation that India might strike LeT targets. Pakistan belatedly admitted that Kasab was a Pakistani national and the attacks were partly planned in Pakistan, but denied accusations of official involvement in the attacks. Security restructuring Due largely to the Mumbai attacks, hiclia'S 2009/10 defence budget (excluding pensions), passed in July, was increased by a third to Rsl,4'7bn (US$32 billion). Of this, US$8.5bn was allocated for the acquisition of major armaments, though the total sum seemed likely to reach US$5obn over the next five or six years. India has been spending additional funds on the moderni¬sation and expansion of its seven paramilitary forces, including establishing 38 new battalions (about 39,000 security personnel) in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and on the acquisition of arms and equipment for its police forces, while fast-tracking arms and equipment for its commandos and special forces. The navy has set up a new specialised force, the Sagar Prahari Bal, to protect naval assets and bases, comprising 1,000 personnel and 8o fast interception craft. The force is currently undergoing training. A major overhaul of India's coastal and maritime security was set in motion following the revelation that the Mumbai terrorists had reached the city by sea. On 28 February, Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that the navy was to be designated the main authority responsible for maritime security, both coastal and offshore, in close coordination with the coastguard, the state marine police and other central/ state government and port authorities. Meanwhile, the coastguard is to be responsible for overall coor¬dination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security, with the director general coastguard to be designated the commander of a newly constituted coastal command. Four joint operation centres were established in May-September 2009 to improve navy-coastguard coordination, with existing naval commanders-in-chief designated commanders-in-chief of coastal defence. The coastguard and marine police are also being strengthened and expanded and a coastal secu¬rity network created. A new coastguard regional headquarters was established at Gandhinagar in Gujarat in September 2009 to enhance surveillance of the coastal state. (A new squadron with Dormer maritime-surveillance aircraft was activated at Porbandar in Gujarat in June 2009.) Nine new coast¬guard stations were to be set up and integrated with coastal police stations, of which 64 have been newly established, along with 25 new checkpoints out of a planned 97. Nationally, the coastguard was to acquire additional ships, aircraft and helicopters, as well as a revamped intelligence structure, while a chain of 46 radars was also being established on the coast and island territories, to include sensors to identify vessels near the coast. But the precise roles and functions of the navy commanders-in¬chief, designated as commanders-in-chief of coastal defence, remain unclear in relation to the coastguard chief, designated Commander, Coastal Command. It also remains to be seen how effective navy and coastguard coordination with state administrative and police forces will be in a coastal command, if and when it is established. Service developments India sees a modernised and capable navy as supporting its realignment of strategic focus to fit its)